eSIM
A SIM whose operator profile can be downloaded and changed remotely, usually soldered into the device.
With eSIM, the operator profile is software on a secure chip (the eUICC). New profiles can be downloaded over the air, so a device can change operator without a site visit.
Why it matters for business
eSIM reduces lock-in and logistics for devices that stay in the field for years or are sold in many countries. It adds some setup complexity and relies on operators supporting the right standards.